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| Oil palm plant |
Director General of Plantation of Agriculture Ministry, Achmad Mangga Barani said the palm oil industry to utilize the waste from the processing of either solid or liquid into a more useful products.
Showing posts with label Biodiesel. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Biodiesel. Show all posts
Indonesian Oil Palm Industry have to be "Zero Waste"
Agroindustry of Fermented Products
FERMENTATION
- Derived from ‘fervere’: boiling appearance of the action of yeast on extracts of fruit/malted grain.
- It is due to the production of CO2 bubbles caused by the anaerobic catabolism of the sugars present in the extract.
- Biochemists = fermentation = generation of energy by catabolism of organic compound
- Industrial microbiologist = fermentation = any process for the production of product by the mass culture of a microorganism (Stanbury & Whitaker, 1984)
- Fermentation = gradual change done by enzymes of microorganism (mold, yeast, bacteria) (Hidayat et al, 2006)
Trends, Hurdles, and Potentials of Biofuel
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| Algae based biodiesel might be the futu |
The Dual Benefits of Algae Farming
For the average citizen, algae are often viewed as a problematic growth within backyard swimming pools and local rivers and ponds. On the other hand, algae are now a hot topic among environmentalists as agroindustrial developments see them being used to sequester carbon dioxide and produce biofuels. Algal Biotechnology Leader Solazyme Hired Former BP CEO
San Fransisco-based Solazyme named former CEO of BP North America Gas and Power Cameron Byers as Senior Vice President and General Manager of fuels and chemicals. Cameron’s 25 years experience at BP includes running the North American natural gas division and managing the company’s commercial oil refining and trading group.About Palm Oil
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| Palm oil from Ghana with its natural dark colour visible |
Palm oil, coconut oil and palm kernel oil are edible plant oils derived from the fruits of palm trees. Palm oil is extracted from the pulp of thefruit of the oil palm Elaeis guineensis; palm kernel oil is derived from the kernel (seed) of the oil palm and coconut oil is derived from the kernel of the coconut (Cocos nucifera). Palm oil is naturally reddish in color because it contains a high amount of beta-carotene.
Palm oil, palm kernel oil and coconut oil are three of the few highly saturated vegetable fats. Palm oil is semi-solid at room temperatures. Palm oil contains several saturated and unsaturated fats in the forms of glyceryl laurate (0.1%, saturated), myristate (1%, saturated), palmitate(44%, saturated), stearate (5%, saturated), oleate (39%, monounsaturated), linoleate (10%, polyunsaturated), and linolenate (0.3%, polyunsaturated). Palm kernel oil and coconut oil are more highly saturated than palm oil. Like all vegetable oils, palm oil does not containcholesterol (found in unrefined animal fats), although saturated fat intake increases both LDL and HDL cholesterol.
Life Cycle Assessment of Biofuel Production
The many benefits of biofuels, such as energy independence, economic growth, and greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction, will continue to increase the demand for and production of biofuels. Process optimization is still a key area for the biofuels industry, but in order to improve efficiencies and lower costs, focus must also be on reducing their carbon footprint.
LE BIODIESEL: ecologique et revolutionnaire (CONCLUSION)
Impossible de clore ce dossier sans ajouter qu’on ne peut résoudre les problèmes de pollution inhérents à notre mode de vie sans passer par un changement de comportement. A quoi bon polluer deux fois moins si c’est pour rouler deux fois plus ? Voici une autre question que soulève l’utilisation du biodiesel. On peut penser qu’avec un carburant deux fois moins cher les utilisateurs seront tentés de rouler plus. C’est une hypothèse que soulèvent de nombreux écologistes. C’est un bon débat et je pense qu’ils n’ont pas tout à fait tort.
LE BIODIESEL: ecologique et revolutionnaire (CHAPITRE 4)
CHAPITRE 4
Pollution / Écologie / Économie Législation / Cas particulier
Nous arrivons presque au terme de ce dossier, il est donc amplement temps de répondre aux questions que vous vous posez encore concernant le biodiesel. Il y a quelques points que j’aurais pu traiter auparavant, mais vu que la priorité de ce dossier était surtout de faire de l’information sur les risques encourus par une mauvaise utilisation du biodiesel, contrairement à mes collègues collaborationnistes de la presse marchande, après tout, j’ai bien le droit d’orienter mon travail comme je l’entends, question de juste équilibre des choses entre médias aux ordres et contre-propagande. L’essentiel étant que vous puissiez maintenant vous lancer dans l’aventure du biodiesel en toute connaissance de cause.
LE BIODIESEL: ecologique et revolutionnaire (CHAPITRE 3)
CHAPITRE 3
Se chauffer au biofioul
Le biofioul est un néologisme pour qualifier l’huile végétale que l’on utilise pour se chauffer, par opposition au fioul tout court qui est un dérivé du pétrole dont on peut avoir régulièrement un aperçu sur notre littoral. Dans ce chapitre nous allons donc passer en revue toutes les solutions possibles pour se chauffer avec de l’huile végétale. Dans la rubrique «on nous cache tout, on nous dit rien», vous pourrez aussi trouver de l’information sur le moteur Stirling, qui permet à la fois de se chauffer avec du biofioul, mais aussi de produire toute l’électricité nécessaire pour l’habitat dans une logique de développement durable.
LE BIODIESEL: ecologique et revolutionnaire (CHAPITRE 2)
CHAPITRE 2
Quel pourcentage d’huile mettre dans son réservoir ?
Nous allons aborder dans ce chapitre tout ce qui touche à l’adaptation du véhicule afin qu’il puisse rouler au biodiesel. Suivant les modifications effectuées, on peut aller jusqu’à 20% d’huile végétale en ne faisant presque rien, pour finir à 100% avec un montage maison ou un kit bicarburation. Dans tous les cas, tout est réversible. Malgré les modifications, vous pourrez sans problème repasser au diesel polluant qui provoque des guerres dans le monde. Pour connaître très précisément le niveau de compatibilité actuelle de votre véhicule, voici un tableau au format PDF réalisé par Vim : http://www.surrealiste.org/dossiers/biodiesel/cle-hvb.pdf
LE BIODIESEL: ecologique et revolutionnaire (INTRODUCTION)
INTRODUCTION
Dans la rubrique «Comment frapper le capitalisme au porte-monnaie ?» tout en accomplissant un geste pour l’environnement, voici un dossier complet sur le biodiesel.
Dans la rubrique «Comment frapper le capitalisme au porte-monnaie ?» tout en accomplissant un geste pour l’environnement, voici un dossier complet sur le biodiesel.
Ce dossier a été posté au fur et à mesure de son élaboration sur le site d’information libre et militante Bellaciao (bellaciao.org).
VW: Biodiesel statement
Standard forecourt fuel (BS EN590): approved
15 December 2008
Legislation introduced on 15 April 2008 insists that fuel suppliers must use at least 2.5 per cent biofuel in diesel production. Filling-station forecourts supply diesel (to the standard BS EN590) that can contain up to five per cent biodiesel and 95 per cent fossil fuel. Volkswagen Group approves the use of diesel fuel containing up to five per cent biodiesel in all of its diesel vehicles. The use of this fuel requires no modifications to the vehicle or changes to the vehicles’ maintenance schedules.
Biodiesel Resources in the SF Bay Area
Diesel passenger car info:
- Future of diesel vehicles: http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_future.html
- List of diesel vehicle Models - http://www.gobiodiesel.com/diesel-vehicles.html
- Mercedes Models - http://home.hiwaay.net/~gbf/mbmodels.html
- Volkswagen Westfalia Diesel - http://www.cs.rochester.edu/u/jag/vw/
- Volkswagen TDI - "TDI Club - Forum": http://www.tdiclub.com - also a biodiesel section of the forum and cover all VW issues including warranty
BIODIESEL: Understanding It's Potential and Limitations
Jim Glancey
Departments of Bioresources Engineering
and Mechanical Engineering
University of Delaware
Newark, DE 19716
About Biodiesel (2)
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Energy security
One of the main drivers for adoption of biodiesel is energy security. This means that a nation’s dependence on oil is reduced, and substituted with use of locally available sources, such as coal, gas, or renewable sources. Thus a country can benefit from adoption of biofuels, without a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. While the total energy balance is debated, it is clear that the dependence on oil is reduced. One example is the energy used to manufacture fertilizers, which could come from a variety of sources other than petroleum. The US NREL says that energy security is the number one driving force behind the US biofuels programme.[66] and the White House "Energy Security for the 21st Century" makes clear that energy security is a major reason for promoting biodiesel.[67] The EU commission president, Jose Manuel Barroso, speaking at a recent EU biofuels conference, stressed that properly managed biofuels have the potential to reinforce the EU’s security of supply through diversification of energy sources.[68]
About Biodiesel (1)
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Biodiesel refers to a non-petroleum-based diesel fuel consisting of long-chain alkyl (methyl, propyl or ethyl) esters. Biodiesel is typically made by chemically-reacting lipids (e.g., vegetable oil, animal fat (tallow)) and alcohol. It can be used (alone, or blended with conventional petrodiesel) in unmodified diesel-engine vehicles. Biodiesel is distinguished from the straight vegetable oil (SVO) (sometimes referred to as "waste vegetable oil", "WVO", "used vegetable oil", "UVO", "pure plant oil", "PPO") used (alone, or blended) as fuels in some converted diesel vehicles. "Biodiesel" is standardized as mono-alkyl ester.[1]
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| Bus run by biodiesel |
What is Biodiesel ?
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Biodiesel Fact Sheet
History
The use of vegetable oils in diesel engines is nearly as old as the diesel engine itself. The inventor of the diesel engine, Rudolf Diesel, used groundnut (peanut) oil as a fuel for demonstration purposes in 1900. Some other work was carried out on the use of vegetable oils in diesel engines in the 1930's and 1940's. The fuel and energy crises of the late 1970's and early 1980's as well as accompanying concerns about the depletion of the world's non-renewable resources provided the incentives to seek alternatives to conventional, petroleum-based fuels.
INDONESIA: Palm Oil Production Prospects Continue to Grow (1)
A significant change in the oil palm industry has taken place during the past season, as Indonesia surpassed Malaysia in production of palm oil and is now the world leader. This designation will continue and Indonesia’s production rate will outpace Malaysia for the foreseeable future. Personnel from the USDA Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) conducted crop-assessment travel in the main palm oil production regions of Sumatra and West Kalimantan during August and September. The team met with palm oil estate managers, agricultural officials, researchers, and independent commodity analysts.
Algal Chemical Composition
Algae are made up of eukaryotic cells (Eukaryote – from Wikipedia). These are cells with nuclei and organelles. All algae all have plastids, the bodies with chlorophyll that carry out photosynthesis. But the various lines of algae have different combinations of chlorophyll molecules. Some have only Chlorophyll A, some A and B, while other lines, A and C.
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