RICE, one of the most essential cereal food for human nutrition

RICE, one of the most essential cereal food for human nutrition - Rice is a monocot plant seed of Oryza sativa or O. glaberrima. This cereal grain, is the most important staple food much of the world's population, especially in the East and South Asia, Middle East, Latin America and the West Indies. It 'a grain with the second highest of world production, while corn (maize).

Since much of the corn crop is cultivated for purposes other than human consumption, rice is the most important cereal for human nutrition and caloric intake, with more than one fifth of the calories consumed in the whole world by humans.

A traditional food plant in Africa, its culture declined during the colonial period, but production has the potential to improve nutrition, enhance food security, foster rural development and care of the earth sustained support. He helped end hunger in Africa 1203rd

Rice is normally grown in permanent crops, even in tropical areas may survive many years and the ratoon crop can produce up to 30 years. The rice plant can grow 1 to 1.8 meters (3.3 to 5.9 meters) in length, sometimes more, depending on variety and soil fertility. It 'a long, slender leaves 50-100 cm (20-39 inches) long and 2-2.5 cm (0.79 to 0.98 inches). Small wind-pollinated flowers produced in a branched pendulous inflorescences time and 30-50 cm (12-20 inches). Edible seed is a grain (caryopsis) 5-12 mm (0.20 to 0.47 in) in length and 2-3 mm (, 079 -, 12 mm).

Rice cultivation is well suited to countries and regions with low labor costs and high rainfall, because it is labor intensive to cultivate and requires plenty of water. The rice can be grown almost anywhere, on a steep hill or mountain. Although the parent species are native to South Asia and parts of Africa, centuries of trade and exports have been common to many cultures around the world.

The traditional method for cultivating rice is flooding the fields during or after, the young plants. This simple method requires planning and maintenance of dams and water channeling, but reduces the growth of less robust weed and weeds that have no submerged growth state, and deters pests. While flooding is not mandatory for the cultivation of rice, all other methods of irrigation require greater effort and weed pest control during the boom period and a different approach for fertilizing the soil.

Note: The name wild rice is usually used grass species of the genus Zizania, both wild and domestic animals, although the term can also be used for primitive or uncultivated varieties of Oryza.

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